gastric antral mucosa with reactive changes

tortuosity of glands in the "neck" region (S shaped glands), smooth muscle hyperplasia, scant inflammatory cells, +/-edema, +/-erosions, Sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). 1999 Jun 17. and why cells are "reactive . If you are not happy, send back all of your bottles within 30 days, of receiving the product and we will issue you a. stress. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Chronic inactive gastritis - MyPathologyReport.ca Bile reflux usually occurs in patients who have undergone a Billroth 2 partial gastrectomy; it is also recognized to occur in intact stomachs in individuals with alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, chronic respiratory disease, or duodenal ulcer, and even in healthy subjects 11. 1. Mine said something similar. Chemical or reactive gastritis is caused by injury to the gastric mucosa resulting from reflux of bile and pancreatic secretions into the stomach, but it can also be caused by exogenous. 1979 Apr. 1986 May. Re-seal . Smoking has also been shown to cause reactive gastropathy. Other causes include alcohol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS). Alkaline reflux gastritis. 1999 Oct. 13(10):1273-85. Joshua P Cantor, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology, College of American PathologistsDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. Pathology of Reactive Gastropathy - Medscape using current production and quality control standards. Chronic gastritis can continue anywhere from weeks to years, if not treated. The presence of blood in the stool may also be detected. Semin Diagn Pathol 2005; 22: 27383. Devon is keenly aware of trends and new developments in the area of health and wellness. [13], Although it is known that NSAIDs that selectively inhibit COX-2 cause significantly fewer GI complications than nonselective COX inhibitors do, it is still unclear whether administration of selective inhibitors results in less severe reactive gastropathy (chemical gastropathy). [5, 7, 21, 22], The clinical features associated with reactive gastropathy are determined by its underlying cause. The inside of the stomach is covered by specialized foveolar cells which produce a substance called mucus. Gastritis and gastropathy may be chronic, developing slowly and lasting a long time, or acute, developing suddenly and lasting a short time. Wolf EM, Plieschnegger W, Schmack B, et al. Gastric antral type mucosa | HealthTap Online Doctor newsletter along with exclusive offers from, Bel Marra Health Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) is the underlying cause for 4% of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding. Wilson P, Jamieson JR, Hinder RA, et al. Histopathology. Free Special Report: The Secret Fixes for Your Sleep Problems, Get this report FREE when you opt in for our FREE Health eTalk daily The mucosa may be normal or may exhibit erythema, congestion, edema, or erosions 8. [5, 6, 7], Reactive gastropathy has also been referred to as chemical gastropathy, reflux gastritis, and type C gastritis. [26] Aberrant expression of the secreted mucins was also demonstrated. Stomach, antrum, biopsy: Reactive (chemical) gastropathy No Helicobacter organisms identified on routine H&E stained sections . This was the only thing on my colonoscopy/endoscopy report that I don't understand. Mino-Kenudson M, Tomita S, Lauwers GY. Stool may become dark or tarry, but this is a seldom occurrence as it is an indication of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract. A number of things, including chronic reflux (regurgitation) of stomach contents up into the esophagus, trauma from taking medicines, and infections can injure the squamous lining of the esophagus. 1980 Jul 17. This condition can be caused by the following factors: Gastritis, if left untreated, can lead to serious complications like: Anemia: H. pylori can cause stomach ulcers or gastritis that bleed, resulting in a drop in the red blood cell count leading to anemia. [27]. The management of this condition may include discontinuance of NSAID use along with administration of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and prostaglandin analogues. Mine said something similar. What is Oxyntic type gastric mucosa? - AnswersAll Gastritis is usually not serious and can be treated through various treatment options. Nausea, bilious vomiting, and other dyspeptic symptoms may also be present19. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Antral mucosa exhibiting the features of reactive gastropathy, including 'corkscrew-like' foveolar hyperplasia, a mucin depleted epithelium and bundles of hyperplastic smooth muscle arranged. Endoscopy pathology report. Gastritis pain due to infection can be remedied by antibiotics targeting the specific causative bacteria. 1990 Apr. Gastropathy indicates there is something wrong there, typically inf Dr. Charles Cattano and another doctor agree. [14] However, most of these COX-2 inhibitors have been withdrawn from the market or have had their indications drastically limited in view of their potential serious cardiovascular side effects. The antrum refers to the lower portion of the stomach. In the gastric mucosa, metaplasia, dysplasia, cancer, and foveolar hyperplasia (FH), a feature of reactive gastritis or gastropathy, were sought in the antrum and fundus. Most people do not experience noticeable effects of intestinal metaplasia. Dr. Myron Arlen answered Surgical Oncology 66 years experience Precancer: The antrum is that portion of the lower stomach above the pylorus. What is the antrum in the body? The cumulative reflux gastritis score therefore ranged from 0 to 15. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. 2007 Jan. 131(1):86-90. To date, no specific genetic predisposing factors for the development of reactive gastropathy have been identified. a stomach biopsy. Read More Histological features do not define NSAID-induced gastritis. Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. Intestinal Metaplasia: Stages, Symptoms, Treatment & What it Is What is gastric antral mucosa with chemical gastropathy and how to cure it? What does antral mucosa revealing chronic inflammation mean? - HealthTap Gastric erosive changes are a common cause of UGI bleeding, and hemorrhagic erosive gastritis is thought to be responsible for 10% to 20% of upper tract bleeding. The oxyntic mucosa of the gastric body and fundus has glands with parietal cells that secrete acid, and chief cells that secrete digestive enzymes. [8]. American Society for Investigative Pathology, United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology. Iijima K, Iwabuchi T, Ara N, et al. The inner lining of the esophagus is known as the mucosa. Reactive gastropathy is the second most common pathologic diagnosis rendered on gastric biopsies, after Helicobacter pylori gastritis (H pylori -associated active gastritis is discussed in a separate pathology article). Is COVID-19 Reinfection Possible? J Clin Pathol. Rom J Morphol Embryol. The following are common treatments for managing and treating antral gastritis: Antral gastritis, or gastritis in general, can be prevented by following healthy lifestyle habits and a balanced diet. Bile gastritis without prior gastric surgery: contributing role of cholecystectomy. Owen DA. https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMTk2Mjg5My1vdmVydmlldw==. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Although decreasing in overall incidence with the routine use of histamine-2 (H 2 ) blockers, the overall death rate from peptic ulcer disease has remained stable. Because of the location of the inflammation, the processes of emptying food into the intestine becomes affected. Mucin expression in reactive gastropathy: an immunohistochemical analysis. Reactive gastropathy, chemical gastropathy also called gastritis of C type or "chemical gastritis" is an abnormality in the stomach caused by chemicals, . Acute gastritis can persist anywhere from 2 to 10 days. 46(4):269-74. [Full Text]. huge risk? [8, 9]. I was diagnosed with Gastric antral and oxyntic type mucosa - JustAnswer The articles on MyPathologyReport are intended for general informational purposes only and they do not address individual circumstances. As a result, partially undigested food passes into the intestines. ; Plieschnegger, W.; Schmack, B.; Bordel, H.; Hfler, B.; Eherer, A.; Schulz, T.; Vieth, M. et al. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({ 23(2):281-94. Reactive (chemical) gastropathy is a gastric mucosal pattern of injury induced by endogenous (bile / pancreatic reflux) or exogenous (chronic use of NSAIDs, acetylsalicylic acid, ethanol or chemotherapeutics) agents . Genta, RM. 39(5):524-30. No statement herein is to be construed as a diagnosis, treatment, preventative, or cure for any disease, disorder or abnormal physical state. 43(4):303-6. In humans, it is about 1 mm thick, and its surface is smooth, soft, and velvety. The mucosa becomes inflamed when something damages or weakens this protective layer, resulting in gastritis. These are lined by mucus cells that are interspersed with endocrine cells (chiefly G and D types), and a few parietal cells. They generate the mucus inside the stomach that's accountable for shielding the tummy from the gastric acids. * Lives in the mucus layer of stomach lumen and can bind to gastric . In situations of upper gastrointestinal (GI) stasis, as is seen after gastric surgery, bacterial overgrowth occurs within the proximal small intestine. Copyrights - 2020. [23] Although the findings are not specific, several authors claim that weight loss and a hypochromic microcytic anemia are also associated features. Reflux gastritis in the intact stomach. It means that the cells lining the inside of the stomach have become injured by substances not normally found in the stomach. [26]. Stomach Disorders Your stomach is an organ between your esophagus and small intestine. Bile reflux usually occurs in patients who have undergone a Billroth II partial gastrectomy; it is also recognized to occur in intact stomachs in individuals with alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, chronic respiratory disease, or duodenal ulcer, and even in healthy subjects. While its not a serious condition, it can cause people to feel uncomfortable and bloated, which can negatively impact other aspects of life. Reactive gastropathy, abbreviated RG, a relatively common pathology of the stomach. Nausea, bilious vomiting, and other dyspeptic symptoms may also be present. What is the Difference Between Piles, Fissures and Fistula? Call 1860-500-1066 to book an appointment. "Chemical gastritis" is misnomer. May mimic a (true) gastritis symptomatically and visually in an endoscopic examination. It is also known as chemical gastropathy,[1] and incorrectly referred to as chemical gastritis (see below). Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. Patients with reactive gastropathy secondary to bile reflux typically have an enterogastric anastomosis and most commonly present with continuous burning midepigastric pain that is often exacerbated by food and recumbency. Having chronic inflammation with extensive intestinal metaplasia is the precursor for developing gastric cancer. Top answers from doctors based on your search: Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Most people have a problem with their stomach at one time or another. Two other features, (4) acute and (5) chronic inflammatory cells, were graded separately; scores for each ranged from 0 (severe increase) to 3 (absence of inflammatory cells), for a combined score of 0 to 6. This lining shields the stomach from the corrosive stomach acid that aids digestion by breaking down food. The various bile acid species differ in their capacity to cause injury to the gastric mucosa 3. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1962893-overview. If discomfort is due to chronic NSAID use, simply discontinuing the medication will relieve symptoms. At present, reactive gastropathy is usually encountered in the clinical setting of chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use. We'll go over some of the most common types of gastropathy, frequent symptoms . Figure 1 shows the changes in percent preoperative weight and food intake up to 24 weeks postoperatively. Definition & Facts for Gastritis & Gastropathy - NIDDK El-Zimaity HM, Genta RM, Graham DY. Rights Reserved. 1. This is called reflux. (See Pathophysiology and Etiology. Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DR, Singh G. Gastrointestinal toxicity of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Nausea. Other symptoms associated with antral gastritis are: Almost everyone has experienced indigestion and stomach discomfort at some point in their lives. Gastritis can develop quickly (acute gastritis) or gradually over time (chronic gastritis). Antral Mucosa with mild reactive changes? what are my odds of getting colon or gastric cancer. 287(6403):1410-2. 1996. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. When they occur, symptoms can include stomach distress, such as acid reflux, ulcers, gastritis, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Its characteristic feature is presence of coiled and branching antral glands. Gastritis | MUSC Health | Charleston SC The increased concentration of the more toxic forms of bile acid, coupled with the decreased gastric emptying time of the refluxed bile, results in gastric mucosal injury and subsequent reactive gastropathy (chemical gastropathy). Commonly used medications to treat pain and fever called NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are among the most common causes of gastritis. Intestinal Metaplasia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment - Verywell Health When you dont get enough B12 to build healthy red blood cells, you risk developing pernicious anemia. 2003 Apr. Cytoskeletal and kinetic epithelial differences between NSAID gastropathy and Helicobacter pylori gastritis: an immunohistochemical determination. "Clinical perspectives on the rationale for potassium supplementation.". Therefore, this represents active gastritis. Gastritis that is long-lasting or recurring is known as. Erosive gastritis is gastric mucosal erosion caused by damage to mucosal defenses. 3. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. benign gastric antral mucosa with mild chronoc inactive gastitis focal intestinal metaplasia present? Book An Appointment.no-styles{background-color:transparent !important;}. 1990 Apr. Carrasco G, Corvalan AH. The most prevalent cause of gastritis is an infection caused by a type of bacteria called Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Tortuosity of glands in the "neck" region of the gastric glands. 1999 Jun. These foveolar cells have a vital function to perform. 19-15). Introduction . by Jason Wasserman MD PhD FRCPC 2003 Apr. Reactive gastropathy is a condition that develops when substances such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, or bile damage the cells that cover the inside of the stomach. what does this really mean? Drinking milk causes an increase in stomach acid production, which might aggravate gastritis symptoms. The histologic picture is characterized by foveolar hyperplasia with edema, interfoveolar smooth muscle hyperplasia, erosions, and congestion of superficial capillaries in the lamina propria in the absence of significant inflammation 2. Contents 1 General 1.1 Epidemiology 1.2 Relation to gastritis 2 Gross/endoscopic 3 Microscopic 3.1 Images 4 Sign out However, if you are experiencing persistent symptoms of gastritis for more than a week, vomiting blood, or have blood in your stool, it is recommended to get yourself checked by your Apollo doctor at the earliest. The common underlying causes of reactive gastropathy include chronic bile reflux and long-term intake of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) 2. PDF | Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) often induces gastroesophageal reflux, with few and discordant long-term data on the risk of Barrett's esophagus (BE) in. Reactive gastropathy is associated with inflammatory conditions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. 2023 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code K29.60 - ICD10Data.com 2005 Nov. 22(4):273-83. Take antacids and other medications to lower stomach acid, Combination of antibiotics and an acid-blocking medication to treat gastritis caused by H. pylori infection, B12 vitamin shots (if gastritis is caused by pernicious anemia), Getting rid of irritants in the diet, such as lactose from dairy or gluten from wheat. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The substances that cause reactive gastropathy can come from inside the body or they can be from a source outside of the body. Another name for this condition is chemical gastropathy. It can lead to ulcers and may also increase the risk of developing stomach cancer. Reactive gastropathy, abbreviated RG, a relatively common pathology of the stomach. This subreddit is designed for discussing gastritis and diseases related to gastritis, such as peptic (stomach) and duodenal ulcers. Mar 16, 2018 #6 2008 Oct. 132(10):1586-93. Waxman HA. Another name for this condition is chemical gastropathy. Everything you need to know, Feeling full or bloated during or after a meal. Gastritis is usually not serious and can be treated through various treatment options. Lanza FL, Royer GL Jr, Nelson RS. Abha Goyal, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Society for Clinical Pathology, American Society of Cytopathology, College of American Pathologists, United States and Canadian Academy of PathologyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. radiation. Reactive gastropathy is a condition that develops when substances such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), alcohol, or bile damage the cells that cover the inside of the stomach. Persistent epithelial damage may result in the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), which stimulates smooth muscle proliferation, followed by fibroblastic proliferation. 1985 Aug. 103(2):178-83. "Differential diagnosis of reactive gastropathy.". [13]. However, most of these COX-2 inhibitors have been withdrawn from the market or have had their indications drastically limited in view of their potential serious cardiovascular side effects 16. Copyright 2023. Abha Goyal, MD Associate Staff Pathologist, Cleveland Clinic Excess gas may also build up within the stomach, leading to burping. A: Sections from the gastric antrum show portions of antral and oxyntic-type gastric mucosa with edema, vascular congestion and patchy chronic inflammation of the lamina propria. Histology of the postoperative stomach before and after diversion of bile. However, if left untreated, antral gastritis may lead to progressive damage of the stomach lining and potentially create conditions for bacteria to proliferate, resulting in further complication. Furthermore, NSAIDs, being weak organic acids, can freely diffuse into the gastric epithelium. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. The duodenogastric reflux results in disruption of the protective mucus barrier and direct injury to the gastric mucosa, causing backflow of hydrogen ions and epithelial damage12. 2013 Aug. 58(8):2266-74. Differential diagnosis of reactive gastropathy. The bile reflux may be visible 20. 2005 Nov. 22(4):273-83. Normal gastric antrum (original magnification 100). Maguilnik I, Neumann WL, Sonnenberg A, Genta RM. . The cause is uncertain, and the lesion may represent a response to mucosal trauma from contraction waves in the antrum. 27:1348-54. Mamoun Younes, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, American Society of Clinical Oncology, College of American Pathologists, United States and Canadian Academy of PathologyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. for quality and safety during the production process. Buxbaum KL. Gastric changes due to injury to the mucosa by abnormal luminal contents Alternate/Historical Names Chemical gastropathy Environmental gastritis / gastropathy Reactive gastritis Type C gastritis Some names based on specific causes Bile reflux gastritis NSAID gastritis Diagnostic Criteria Foveolar hyperplasia and expansion 2005. Gastritis is when the lining of the stomach becomes inflamed or swollen. Antral Gastritis: Gastritis refers to inflammation of the inner stomach lining. gi doctor told me to check up in a year. specifications following safe manufacturing practices. El-Zimaity HM, Genta RM, Graham DY. RISK IS INCREASED BUT NOT HUGE. [16] but the more proximal oxyntic mucosa may also be affected. 43(4):303-6. FACTORS INCREASING Internal Medicine - Hematology & Oncology. Weir, MR.; Espaillat, R. (Jun 2015). MyPathologyReport is independently owned and operated and is not affiliated with any hospital or patient portal. Mucosal Diseases of the Stomach: Differentiating Benign from Malignant 1985 Aug. 103(2):178-83. PDF Understanding Your Pathology Report: Esophagus With Reactive or Reflux It is called squamous mucosa when the top layer is made up of squamous cells. All Avoiding foods that may trigger gastric pain is just as important. 1983 Nov 12. 2012 Oct. 36(8):736-43. Gastric antral and fundic mucosal protein, DNA and RNA changes in http://www.cmej.org.za/index.php/cmej/article/view/2316/2190, https://librepathology.org/w/index.php?title=Reactive_gastropathy&oldid=45045, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International, chemical gastritis, chemical gastropathy, NSAID gastropathy (if due to a NSAID), foveolar hyperplasia - esp. The prostaglandin E1 analog drug, Cytotec (misoprostol) has proven to be an effective preventative medication for gastric lesions associated with high-dose . What does squamous mucosa mean? Sepulveda AR, Patil M. Practical approach to the pathologic diagnosis of gastritis. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Histopathology. Gastric mucosa - Wikipedia [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. what's mean? Reactive increase in gastric mucus secretion is an adaptive defense mechanism against low-dose aspirin-induced gastropathy. Is "gastric antral-type mucosa demonstrating chronic gastritis" a long term autoimmune condition? 1986 May. The following microscopic features are typically seen in reactive gastropathy: With the right information, patients can make the best decisions about their care. negative h.pylori/malignancy/metaplasia/dysplasia. [Full Text]. Quinn CM, Bjarnason I, Price AB. In contrast to H pylori gastritis, the surface epithelium lacked Ki67 expression and a downward elongation of the proliferative zone was noted. Focal intestinal metaplasia usually is caused and occurs in conjunction with chronic gastritis. Reactive gastropathy is also characterized by differences in cytoskeletal structure and cell cycle kinetics, as compared with normal gastric mucosa and H pylori gastritis. Gastric biopsy result: antral mucosa revealing mild to moderate chronic inflamation with associated extensive intestinal metaplesia. Some forms are erosive, meaning that they wear away the stomach lining and cause shallow breaks, called erosions, and ulcers. Malagelada JR, Phillips SF, Shorter RG, et al. Finally . Diagnosis is by endoscopy. (Dec 2014). K29.60 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. It seems that indomethacin and stress (restraint) ulcer formation were followed by a predominant fundic (oxyntic cell area) mucosal DNA increase, while in the antral mucosa this phenomenon was connected to a significant RNA increase. Nodular GAVE and gastric hyperplastic polyps have similar appearance on upper GI endoscopy (EGD) as well as histology, which could delay specific targeted therapy. }); Aspirin / nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The features are those of a chronic gastritis. Antral gastritis can cause excessive discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract of those affected. Thanks for your help, B. blckjnpr Networker. The most common benign cause of mucosal ulcerations is peptic ulcer disease. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Genta RM. Home Colon And Digestive What causes antral gastritis and how to treat it? Sharing treatments, cures, causes, and personal experiences are very welcome! Moderate reactive gastropathy involving gastric oxyntic mucosa (original magnification 100). Am J Gastroenterol. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated elevated levels of depressive symptoms among selected samples of patients with gastritis [1,2,3,4,5].In patients with Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis, levels of interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor- are increased in the gastric mucosa and the bacterial infection indirectly activates nuclear factor kappa B (NF- B) [6,7,8]. The mucosa may be normal or may exhibit erythema, congestion, edema, or erosions. November 9, 2022. [1] The histologic picture is characterized by foveolar hyperplasia with edema, smooth muscle hyperplasia, and congestion of superficial capillaries in the lamina propria in the absence of significant inflammation (see an example in the image below). The mucus protects the cells from the strong acids normally found in the stomach. Reactive gastropathy is associated with inflammatory conditions throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Antral Gastritis: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment Association between self-rated depressive symptoms and mucosal The statements herein have not been evaluated by the Foods and Drugs Administration or Health Canada. Despite the occasional development of stump carcinomas in postgastrectomy stomachs, reactive gastropathy is not a major risk factor for the development of gastric carcinoma. Northeast Ohio 216.444.7000 Appointments & Locations [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. The tissue sample is removed in a procedure called a biopsy. It can come on suddenly (acute) or gradually (chronic). Am J Surg Pathol 1996; 20: 116181. The surface may appear villiform. Pathology needs to be tested further to determine whether the lymphoid tissue is polyclonal or monoclonal. He embraces an active lifestyle combining diet, exercise and healthy choices. The updated Sydney System. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. This can lead to a burning sensation that happens with indigestion to occur in the upper abdomen. Reactive gastropathy refers to the constellation of endoscopic and histologic findings caused by chemical injury to the gastric mucosa. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. There is smooth muscle hyperplasia in the lamina propria with edema and congestion of superficial capillaries. Vere CC, Cazacu S, Comanescu V, Mogoanta L, Rogoveanu I, Ciurea T. Endoscopical and histological features in bile reflux gastritis. All Rights Reserved. For these, please consult a doctor (virtually or in person). The reported prevalence of reactive gastropathy among patients taking daily NSAIDs for at least 1 month ranges from 30% to 40% 9. Wolf, EM. 1994 Jun. Reactive gastropathy is characterized, histologically, by 21: If long-term use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) leads to reactive gastropathy, your doctor may recommend that you stop taking NSAIDs, take a lower dose, or take a different medicine for pain. Constant vomiting, nausea, and diarrhea are indications of Foveolar Hyperplasia. Galangin protects gastric mucosa from indomethacin induced injury via

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